Vol 1, Issue 1 | May 2026

A novel, high-throughput, reverse phase-ultra performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method has been developed for the quantification of Pregabalin and its related impurities in drug substance. The stability-indicating capability of the developed method is demonstrated using forced degradation samples from stress conditions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. The separation of known impurities and degradation impurities are accomplished using a phenyl-hexyl stationary phase with 100 mm length and 1.7 µm particle size in short run time (10 min). The developed method employs a linear gradient elution with phosphate buffer pH 6.2-acetonitrile as mobile phase, and is validated in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization requirements. During forced degradation it has been observed significant degradation of drug substance in base hydrolysis and oxidative stress conditions, and slight degradation in acid hydrolysis and thermal stress conditions. The ten major oxidative degradation impurities formed are identified by LC-MS, HR-MS and NMR techniques and the proposed structures are reported.

Mankind has been exploring many new dimensions and techniques to obtain the most feasible and cost effective biopolymers. Biopolymers are the 21st century polymers and are in great demand as they are very easy to produce through the microbial partners and their conglomeration. Future is all about the emancipation of higher finesse quality products with an iota of eco-friendliness. Biodegradation and low pollutant output has made these polymers from the biological sources, a great eco-friendly substituent for the chemical based polymers. Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid (PGA) is a naturally occurring anionic polymer composed of extensively viscous homo-polyamide of D and L-Glutamic acid units. Its multi-functionality, biodegradability, non-toxicity, compatibility and edibility have made it a promising biopolymer for food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. PGA has several applications in environmental, agricultural and biomedical products as well as it can be used as biodegradable packing material and in other applications including conductive display material, drug delivery, gene vector, dispersant and enzyme-immobilizing material. In this review, we have discussed about the history of PGA, its structure, synthesis, genes and its organization and the applications of PGA.

Bacterial Food Poisoning is a common name given to predominantly gastro-intestinal infections which arise after the consumption of food or drink that is contaminated with disease-causing bacteria. Over 250 organisms are known to cause food borne illnesses. Ayurveda is an ancient medical science and has described the food poisoning indirectly in the form of Anna Vishaktata. The aims of present study are to collect, elaborate, evaluate and discuss the Bacteria and Bacterial Food Poisoning in aspect of Ayurveda. In Ayurveda there are so many words used for bacteria like invisible krimi, Vaikaric krimi, Agantuj, Rakshasa, Bhut and Pisacha directly and indirectly. In the 19th century Acharya Gannath Sen translated the word bacteria in the form of Jeevanu which is causative factor for many diseases. The infectious food poisoning which may be due to ingestion of food/water contaminated with poisons of Agantuj (pathogens including bacteria) is also found in Ayurveda. The infectious disease is given under Aupasargik Vyadhi and Epidemiology is elaborated under the heading of Janapadadhwansa in Ayurveda. The utilization of unhygienic utensil, uncooked, semi cooked food, decomposed meats etc. are the causes of food poisoning as per Ayurveda which is similar as described in Modern Medicine. There are abundant herbal, mineral and herbo-mineral ayurvedic drugs useful for bacterial food poisoning which have significant in vitro antibacterial efficacy on enteric pathogens.

Heterocyclic compounds are acquiring more importance in recent years because of their pharmacological activities. Pyrazolones have a particular value due to their broad spectrum of biological activity and their wide ranging utility as synthetic tools in the design of various bioactive molecules. Pyrazolone is a five membered lactam ring, containing two nitrogen and one ketonic group in its structure. In addition, pyrazolones possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, gastric secretion stimulatory, antidepressant and antifilarial activities. They also serve as precursors for dyes, pigments, pesticides and chelating agents, besides finding applications in the extraction and separation of various metal ions. The high therapeutic properties of the pyrazolone-related drugs have encouraged medicinal chemists to synthesize a large number of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Numerous methods for the synthesis of pyrazolone and also their various structure reactions offer enormous scope in the field of medicinal chemistry. This article aims to review the work reported, their chemistry and biological activities of pyrazolone during past years.

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), are a superfamily of metalloenzymes in higher vertebrates, including humans. Sixteen distinct isoenzymes of CA are known to exist in mammals and most of these isoenzymes have been extensively investigated in terms of their biochemical properties, tissue distribution, and genetic control. There are cytosolic isozymes (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII and CA XIII), membrane bound examples (CA IV, CA IX, CA XII and CA XIV), and mitochondrial (CA VA and CA VB) and secreted (CA VI) isoforms. It was proposed that hCA IX is a multidomain protein consisting of an N-terminal proteoglycan like (PG) domain, a CA catalytic domain, a transmembrane segment (TM), and an intracytoplasmic (IC) portion. Carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors can prove to be effective in treatment of hypoxic tumours. Moreover the side effects with these drugs will be less than those caused by other anticancer drugs as these enzymes are present constitutively in only a few tissues. The above mentioned in vitro methods can be used to screen potential anticancer drugs and this can prove to be a new dimension in the field of anticancer drug therapy.